Josan Nursery Jandiala, Amritsar, Punjab

Wonderful Winter Flowering The Wonderful Winter Flowering - ( 24 Seeds Pack ) contains:Winter Flowers1. Ageratum2. Alyssum 3. Calendula 4. Cineraria 5. Cleome 6. Daisy 7. Dianthus8. Gaillardia 9. Godetia 10. Hollyhock    

Water Lettuce is a floating plant from Tropical America. Its thick, fleshy, light green leaves are heavily ribbed and form a rosette that looks like a small head of lettuce.Pistia is a genus of aquatic plant in the arum family, Araceae. The single species it comprises, Pistia stratiotes, is often called water cabbage, water lettuce, Nile cabbage, or shellflower. Its native distribution is uncertain, but probably pantropical; it was first discovered from the Nile near Lake Victoria in Africa. It is now present, either naturally or through human introduction, in nearly all tropical and subtropical fresh waterways. Common Name: Water LettuceLatin Name: Pistia stratiotesLight: Does best with shade during the hottest part of the day, but can adapt to full sun.Size: Individual rosettes can range from 2" to 18" across.Being a floating plant, water lettuce obtains all its nutrients directly from the water. This makes it a great plant to use to combat algae. The long feathery roots also make great shelter for young fish and other wildlife.Water lettuce is grown for its foliage, but it does bloom. The insignificant flowers are usually hidden down between the leaves.Planting & CareWater lettuce is generally care free, but there are a few reasons it may not thrive. Fish love to nibble at the roots and if they are large or there are a lot of them, they may kill the plant or even eat the entire thing. Placing the lettuce in floating baskets or partitioning them off from the fish with rocks may help.Lettuce loves to be crowded and even though they are floating plants, they dont like to drift around. Corralling them with a hoop of plastic tubing, a hula-hoop, fishing line, or even rocks will keep them from moving around. Water lettuce also does not like to have water on its leaves.Lack of nutrients will cause water lettuce to grow poorly and turn yellow. Lettuce is such a vigorous grower it sometimes uses up one or more nutrients in the pond. This can especially be a problem in very small ponds and ponds with very few fish.There are two ways of fertilizing your lettuce. If you only have a few, you can float them in a bucket of water with fertilizer for a few hours at a time. If you have too many lettuce to remove from the pond, you can treat the entire pond with a solution of Muriate of Potash. Lettuce and other floating plants also usually respond well to any of the micro nutrient solutions specially made for pond plants.Another problem can occur if you try to ship water lettuce during hot weather. You will end up with a head of lettuce and no roots. Float the plants in a shade spot and they usually grow new roots very quickly. Adding a little fish emulsion to the water (not in the pond!) may help, too.Water Lettuce seems to prefer some shade in warmer climates, but is also susceptible to frost, and even a brief exposure to frigid temperatures produces scalded leaves that quickly turn to rotting areasUsesWater lettuce is often used in tropical aquariums to provide cover for fry and small fish. It is also helpful as it outcompetes algae for nutrients in the water, thereby preventing massive algal blooms.

Unique Roses The Unique Roses - ( 9 seeds Pack ) contains:Rose Seeds 1. Rainbow Rose 2. Rose Blue 3. Rose Green 4 . Rose Black 5. Rose Purple 6. Climbing Rose Red 7. Climbing Rose Yellow 8. Climbing Rose Pink 9. Climbing Rose White ​

Sunny Summer Flowers The Sunny Summer Flowers - ( 24 Seeds Pack ) contains:Rainy Flowers 1. Aster 2. Balsam 3. Balsamine Rose Flower4. Celosia 5. Celosia Cockscomb6. Cineraria 7. Cleome8. Coleus 9. Cosmos 10. Eschscholzia Californian Poppy 11. Gaillardia 12. Gerbera 13. Gompherena 14. Iceland Poppy Nudicale15. Morning Glory16. Mathiola17. Mathiola18. Portulaca19. Shirley Poppy20. Schizanthus21. Sunflower22. Tithonia23. Vinca24. Zinnia

The Royal Rainy Flowers - ( 24 Seeds Pack ) Contains:Rainy Flowers1. Ageratum2. Alyssum 3. Balsam 4. Calendula5. Cosmos 6. Dianthus 7. Gaillardia 8. Godetia 9. Gomphrena 10. Larkspur 11. Mimosa, Touch Me Not12. Marigold13. Mathiola14. Nasturtium15. Nemesia 16. Pansy17. Poppy18. Petunia19. Phlox20. Salvia21. Schizanthus22. Statice23. Sweet Pea24. Tithonia

Narrow Petal Frangipani is a cultivated hybrid derived from a cross between Plumeria stenophylla and an unknown parent. The tree grows mostly up to around 1.5-2 m tall and is deciduous, therefore losing its leaves during long, dry periods. The leaves of Narrow Petal Frangipani are long and narrow. The white flowers have petals that are fused at the base to form a narrow tube and five petals which are narrower than those of any other Frangipani, and are widely spreading. Faint yellow coloration may be present in the center of the flower. Flowers are very fragrant at night.Plumerias are tropical trees famous for their gorgeous flowers which are used to make leis (floral garlands). In regions with cold winters, plumerias can be grown in containers and brought indoors when the weather cools in autumn. Other common names are frangipani and Hawaiian lei flower. Plumeria trees bloom in a variety of different colors.Plumeria CareSoil & Water: Plumerias are very particular about their growing conditions. They dont tolerate poorly drained soils or over-watering and are very tolerant of dry conditions once established.Sunlight : Plumerias do best in full sun. During the winter months, protect from frost. Plants in containers can be placed indoors during periods of extreme cold.PlantingDig a hole twice the size of the root ball.Using E.B. Stone Cactus Mix combine one part soil and one part planting compost.Place a small handful of E.B. Stone Blood Meal in the bottom of the hole and incorporate into the soil.Make sure the top of the original root ball is one inch above surrounding soil.Firmly tap soil to remove any air pockets.Water in with Bonide Plant Starter.FertilizingFor optimum growth and bloom plumeria benefit from bi-monthly feedings during the growing months.Feed every two weeks from May to September with Grow More Super Bloomer.One application of E.B. Stone Sul-Po-Mag in late September or October will help build the plants frost resistance.Control leaf chlorosis or yellowing by applying Iron Supplement in mid-spring and again in fall.WateringTest soil by touch. If moist, dont water. Plumerias require at least 1 inch of rain (or equivalent watering) each week. More water may be required for plumerias growing in containers, but dont overwater or the trunks will rot.PrunningPlumerias require very little pruning. Pruning is only needed to:1. Remove any dead or dying wood.2. To shape the plant.

At home in both formal and naturalistic settings, lilies also most take readily to containers. They all make wonderful cut flowers.By carefully blending early, mid-season, and late varieties into your garden, you will enjoy their bewitching blooms and seductive scents from spring through frostAsiatic lilies are the earliest to bloom and the easiest to grow. Hybrids come in pure white, pinks, vivid yellows, oranges, and reds; heights are from one to six feet. Intense breeding has erased much of the Asiatics fragrance, but in spite of their lack of perfume, they are a favorite with floral arrangers.Oriental hybrids bloom in mid- to late summer, just when Asiatic lilies are beginning to fade. From tiny two-footers to towering eight-foot-tall giants, Orientals are always a striking choice (the shorter ones are great for patio beds or container gardens). Adored for their intoxicating fragrance that intensifies after dark, Oriental lilies produce masses of huge white, pink, red, or bi-color blooms. They make wonderful cut flowers that will fill even the largest of rooms with their spicy scents.Care:Our plants have been dipped in an antiseptic/anti-parasitical that is completely non-toxic.Your lotus will do best in good quality soil, though they will grow in pure sand or gravel. Some garden centers sell water plant potting mix. Gravel at the bottom of your pot will help sink the planting container and one-inch gravel at the top will keep foraging koi out. Be sure your pot or soil has no insecticide/herbicide residues.Unpack your lotus carefully and pay particular attention to the fragile growing, pointed, tip. Leave the growing tip just above soil level and be careful not to break it off. (Do not worry, another will grow if you do!) Elevate the pot in the pond to expose the growing tip to sunlight, and, as the lotus grows, you may lower the pot until you reach the desired depth (1 to 3 feet) Lotus does exceptionally well in a bog too!If your pond has little available nitrogen (few fish or abundant plant life), fertilize when the lotus produces leaves. Slow release tablets made for ponds are great, but you can use 15-15-15 or similar by wrapping it in some newspaper and inserting it just under the soil level. If the lotus is planted in the pond bottom mud or if you are using the plant for biofiltration and nitrate removal, supplemental fertilization is usually unnecessary.The more direct sunlight, the healthier the plant and the more blooms you will get! There should be a minimum of four hours direct sunlight. Optimum temperature is between 70º and 90º F.As winter approaches, you will see the leaves die and the tuber will go dormant. Unless your pond freezes to the tuber level, your lotus will survive and wake next Spring. If you think the pond bottom will freeze, then dig the tubers out and put them indoors (33-45 Deg F) or even in your refrigerator! Plant in the Spring when the water warms to at least 50 Deg F.Some people may think lotus and waterlilies are the same, but they are two distinct water plants. Waterlilies (Nymphaea spp.) have leaves and flowers that float on the surface of the water and long roots under the water. The leaves of lotus plants are at the top of tall, sturdy stalks held high above the muddy soil they grow in. Both plants have large cup-shaped blossoms. The two lotus species, the native American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and the Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), have similar needs. Water lotus is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 10, and has an aggressive growth habit, although it has not been classified as invasive.Planting Lotus SeedsSpent lotus flower heads form unusual, attractive seed cones filled with large brown seeds with hard seed coats. Collect the seeds when the cones have dried, but do not wait too long or the wind will shake the seeds out of the cones. File the hard seeds slightly to expose the white inside, but do not damage the seed or it wont be able to sprout. Another way to deal with the hard seed coat for better germination is by soaking the seeds in warm water for a couple of days, then removing the outer seed coat. You will see the white seed and possibly the beginnings of the sprout. Plant the seeds in containers or in the muddy water along your pond by pushing them into the wet soil about 1 inch and patting the soil down firmly.In ContainersLotus has been grown in bowls and pots since ancient times. Even the tallest lotus grows well in a large container as long as it has the right soil -- rich soil mixed well with peat and kept moist to wet. Plant the tuber or seedling at least 1 inch deep in wet soil in a sunny spot and watch the beautiful gray-green foliage sprout and leaf out. The smallest types of lotus grow less than 24 inches tall and grow well as houseplants in small containers with the right conditions, including evenly moist soil that never dries out, moisture in

Azadirachta indica is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem tree is the official tree of the Sindh Province and is very common in all cities of Sindh, there are projects underway for planting this tree in all over Sindh Province. Neem trees also grow in islands in the southern part of Iran where it is called "Cherish or Azad derakht in Persian. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil.Neem is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 15–20 metres (49–66 ft), rarely to 35–40 metres (115–130 ft). It is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide spread. The fairly dense crown is roundish or ovular and may reach the diameter of 15–20 metres (49–66 ft) in old, free-standing specimens.

Bell peppers are one of the most popular vegetables grown in home gardens. The bell pepper is native to Central and North America and is easy to grow. There is now a much wider variety of peppers to choose from with different colors and even different shapes. Peppers are a tender, warm-season crop. They resist most pests and offer something for everyone: spicy, sweet or hot, and a variety of colors, shapes and sizes. For this page, we will focus on sweet bell peppers.Growing InformationSun exposure: Full SunSoil type: LoamySoil pH: NeutralPreparing the PlantsPeppers like hot weather. They are easily damaged from any cold weather and frost is fatal. If you live up north, utilize items such as plastic mulches, row covers, hoop houses and anything else you can find to quickly grow this wonderful plant before the weather gets cooler.You will want to start the seeds indoors first and transfer them to your garden when the soil is warm and the weather is right.Plant the seeds in pots about two inches in size. Larger pots will allow the roots to develop better and offer a more stable plant when it is time to transfer them to the garden.Place seeds about 1/4 inch deep in moistened, lightweight mix. Keep them slightly moist and warm. Plants will germinate in about 6-8 days. Thin the plants to one per pot after the first true leaves have appeared.Using bottom heat or heat lamps to keep the soil warm will promote better and quicker germination.Do not water seedlings directly. Rather, immerse the tray or pots with holes in a pan of water about 1/2 inch deep. Allow the seedlings to drink for a few minutes, but do not let them become soaked.Seedlings need lots of light. Supplement with fluorescent lights if necessary to avoid tall, weak plants.PlantingStart seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before last spring frost date.The temperature must be at least 70 degrees F for seed germination, so keep them in a warm area for the best and fastest results.Start pepper seeds three to a pot, and thin out the weakest seedling. Let the remaining two pepper plants spend their entire lives together as one plant. The leaves of two plants help protect peppers against sunscald, and the yield is often twice as good as two segregated plants.Begin to harden off plants about 10 days before transplanting.A week before transplanting, introduce fertilizer or aged compost in your garden soil.After the danger of frost has passed, transplant seedlings outdoors, 18 to 24 inches apart (but keep paired plants close to touching.)Soil should be at least 65 degrees F, peppers will not survive transplanting at temps any colder. Northern gardeners can warm up the soil by covering it with black plastic.Put two or three match sticks in the hole with each plant, along with about a teaspoon of fertilizer. They give the plants a bit of sulfur, which they like.CareSoil should be well-drained, but maintain adequate moisture either with mulch or plastic covering.Water one to two inches per week, but remember peppers are extremely heat sensitive. If you live in a warm or desert climate, watering everyday may be necessary.Fertilize after the first fruit set.carefully around plants.If necessary, support plants with cages or stakes to prevent bending. Try commercially available cone-shaped wire tomato cages. They may not be ideal for tomatoes, but they are just the thing for peppers.For larger fruit, spray the plants with a solution of one tablespoon of Epsom salts in a gallon of water, once when it begins to bloom, and once ten days later.Harvest/StorageHarvest as soon as peppers reach desired size.The longer bell peppers stay on the plant, the more sweet they become and the greater their Vitamin C content.Use a sharp knife or scissors to cut peppers clean off the plant for the least damage.Peppers can be refrigerated in plastic bags for up to 10 days after harvesting.Bell peppers can be dried, and we would recommend a conventional oven for the task. Wash, core, and seed the peppers. Cut into one-half-inch strips. Steam for about ten minutes, then spread on a baking sheet. Dry in the oven at 140 degrees F (or the lowest possible temperature) until brittle, stirring occasionally and switching tray positions. When the peppers are cool, put them in bags or storage containers.Special NotesFor maximum flavor, eat peppers on the same day they are picked. You can also leave them on a kitchen counter for a day or two to ripen further. Do not place peppers in the crisper drawer or in plastic wrap or bags in the refrigerator. Peppers are warm-weather fruits and do not store well in cold temperatures. If you have too many peppers, consider the following storage options.Freezing.This is the easiest storage method, but the peppers will be soft when thawed. The flavor is retained, however, so use frozen peppers primarily for adding spice to soups, stews, and sauces

The Magical Marigolds - ( 11 Seeds Pack ) contains:Marigolds1. Marigold F-1 Inca Mixed - Seeds 2. Marigold F-1 Inca Orange - Seeds 3. Marigold F-1 Inca Yellow - Seeds 4. Marigold F-2 Orange Dwarf Double - Seeds 5. Marigold F-2 Yellow Dwarf - Seeds 6. Marigold F1 Vanilla White - Seeds 7. Marigold French Royal - Seeds 8. Marigold Nana Patula Orange - Seeds 9. Marigold Nana Patula Yellow - Seeds 110. Marigold Perfection Orange - Seeds 11. Marigold Rodeo Royal Mix - Seeds

The brinjal (eggplant or baingan or aubergine) is called the King of Vegetables by some cultures. It is one of the most versatile vegetables around, loved by many people across the world.Different varieties are available everywhere and each variety is unique in its own way, with a distinctive flavor and many essential minerals.Eggplant or Brinjal, is a very low calorie vegetable and has healthy nutrition profile; good news for weight watchers! The veggie is popularly known as aubergine in the western world.Growing InformationSoil preparationBecause only a few plants are needed, it is better to prepare only the planting spot. Each spot should have a diameter of 30 to 40 cm. The planting spots should be about 75 cm apart. Turn the soil using a garden fork to ensure proper aeration of soil and to work in plant rests and weeds into the soil.Brinjals do extremely well in soil with a high humus content.Apply one big handful of 2:3:2 (22) per m2, and turn the top 20 cm of soil.The optimum pH (water) for brinjals is between 5,5 and 6,5.ReproductionBrinjals reproduce by seed.Seedlings should first be established in trays with 128 holes and then transplanted, or can be sown in small pots or in a tomato box filled with compost-rich soil or seedling mix.The seeds often contain many empty shells, which are darker in colour, and which should be separated before planting.Seed should be sown in 1 cm drills and covered with soil.Start making seedlings from August to September in the North West Province and Gauteng.Germination will take place after 10 to 14 days and the seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots 5 weeks later.Kepp seedlings moist but not wet. Use a watering can with fine spray.If seed were planted in a seedling tray, seedlings should be fertilised 10 days after germination, using a liquid fertiliser.Transplant into the garden when seedlings are 10 to 12 cm tall. Do not plant weak, damaged or long- stemmed seedlings. The soil should be very wet.CultivationKeep the planting spots clean by removing weeds.Irrigate early in the mornings (at least twice a week).Apply 20 to 30 g 2:3:2 fertiliser or liquid manure every month to each spot. Mulching will lower the soil temperature after planting. Apply every 7 to 8 weeks.Turn the soil lightly after fertiliser application and water thoroughly.HarvestingHarvest the fruit as soon as it reaches a diameter of 7 to 10 cm (about 3 months after transplanting).In the case of good irrigation and fertilisation practices, 10 to 12 of them can be harvested from each plant.Brinjal plants are delicate and care should be taken not to damage the plants during harvesting (the stems are quite brittle).Cut the fruit with pruning scissors. Handle with care to prevent bruising. Keep in mind that the shelf life of the fruit is not very long.Special NotesBenefits of Brinjal (Eggplant)The brinjal or eggplant has a lot of vitamins and nutrients. It contains vitamins like B1 and B6. It also contains a good amount of potassium, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, niacin, and folic acid. This high nutritive value of the brinjal makes it one of the most important vegetables.1. Helps keeping diabetes in control: The eggplants are a very rich source of fibre and low soluble carbohydrates. Thus they are highly beneficial for regulation of blood sugar levels and also to control the absorption of glucose. This makes them the best option for people suffering from type 2 diabetes.2. Helpful to the heart: The cholesterol levels are brought down to a great extent by the eggplant. It also helps stabilize the level of blood pressure. All this in turn lowers the risk of heart diseases. The body is also kept well hydrated thanks to the potassium content present in this vegetable. This ensures that there is no retention of fluids which prevents coronary heart diseases.3. Helpful to the brain: Eggplant contains Phytonutrients which keep the cell membranes protected from any kind of damage and facilitates the message transfer from one part to another, thus preserving the memory function.4. Helps create iron in the human body: We all require iron for proper functioning in our day to day life. However, too much of iron in the body is not a good sign. The content of nasunin that is present in eggplant helps remove excess iron from the body. This brings down the risk of getting heart attacks as it damages the existence of the free radicals in ones system.5. Facilitates weight loss: Eggplant is considered to be high in water content yet low in calorie count. This feature makes it very ideal as a healthy diet for people who want to reduce weight. The spongy texture of the vegetable is what facilitates these characteristics, hence one must consume in its natural form as much as possible.

Delonix regia also known as Gulmohar, Royal Poinciana, Flamboyant, Krishnachura, Krusnachuda, Krishnasura, Peacock tree or KaalvaripooDelonix regia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of flowers. In many tropical parts of the world it is grown as an ornamental tree and in English it is given the name Royal Poinciana or Flamboyant. It is also one of several trees known as Flame tree.The trees are naturally deciduous in winter or dry season depending on the type of climate. These trees are semi- to fully deciduous even in more tropical climates (during the dry season--our winter). They have been introduced into South Florida where they seem to grow beautifully. If you following the instructions on the fertilizer you are using, you should not be afraid of harming the tree. Not sure of the specific nutritional needs of this plant, but given its rapid rate of growth, I am sure it would appreciate an occasional fertilizing. If you can, put the plants outside for the summer. Also, your pots look to be large enough but they seem half full. If you add more soil make sure you add it to the bottom (do not pile it on the top or the trunks will rot). Hope this was helpful.Cultural significanceIn the Indian state of Kerala, Royal Poinciana is called Kaalvarippoo which means the flower of Calvary. There is a popular belief among Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala that when Jesus was crucified, there was a small Royal Poinciana tree nearby his Cross. It is believed that the blood of Jesus Christ was shed over the flowers of the tree and this is how the flowers of Royal Poinciana got a sharp red colorPropagationThe Royal Poinciana is most commonly propagated by seeds. Seeds are collected, soaked in warm water for at least 24 hours, and planted in warm, moist soil in a semi-shaded, sheltered position. In lieu of soaking, the seeds can also be nicked or pinched (with a small scissors or nail clipper) and planted immediately. These two methods allow moisture to penetrate the tough outer casing, stimulating germination. The seedlings grow rapidly and can reach 30 cm in a few weeks under ideal conditions.Less common, but just as effective, is propagation by semi-hardwood cuttings. Branches consisting of the current or last seasons growth can be cut into 30 cm sections and planted in a moist potting mixture.

The Exotic Pansies - ( 15 Seeds Pack ) contains:Pansies1. Pansy F1 Aqua Lemon2. Pansy F1 Arancione Orange 3. Pansy F1 Beconsifield 4. Pansy F1 Black Blotch 5. Pansy F1 Black With Blotch 6. Pansy F1 Blotch Mixed 7. Pansy F1 Delta Fire 8. Pansy F1 Mont Blanc White 9. Pansy F1 Purple Smile10. Pansy F1 Scarlet Red 11. Pansy F1 Scarlet Red Blotch 12. Pansy F1 Swiss Giant 13. Pansy F1 Violet / White Blotch 14. Pansy F1 White Blotch15. Pansy, Viola Johny Jump Up

You can grow carrots all year round – and they are so simple! Just sow carrot seed regularly for a year-round crop.Carrots are an easy and rewarding crop to grow, great for encouraging children to eat their vegetables! With so many varieties of this popular vegetable available, carrots can be grown in beds, containers and even window boxes making them suitable for gardens of any size. Carrots are a popular root vegetable that are easy to grow in sandy soil. They are resistant to most pests and diseases, and are a good late season crop that can tolerate frost.Not all carrots are orange; varieties vary in color like purple, blck to white.Lifecycle: Biennial grown as an annual.Ease-of-care: easyGreat crop for kids if planted in deep soil and site gets full sun.Foliage color: medium greenGrowing InformationOrange carrots are the traditional standard, but you can try growing white, yellow, crimson, or even purple-skinned carrots, too.More important than color, though, is choosing the right root size and shape to suit your soil. Carrot size and shape varies by type, and there are five major categories. Ball-type, Chantenay, and Danvers carrots have blocky shapes that can handle heavy or shallow soil, while slender Nantes and Imperator carrots need deep, loose soil.Sunlight: full sun, Will tolerate very light shade.Soil conditions: requires well-drained soil. Good quality roots require plentiful moisture and soil that is deep, loose, free of stones, and high in organic matter. Roots can become twisted and forked in heavy, stony soil. Prefers pH of 6.0 to 6.8 but can tolerate 5.5 to 7.5. Requires only moderate nitrogen. Too much can cause root branching.PlantingPlan to plant seeds outdoors 3 to 5 weeks before the last spring frost date.Make sure your soil is free of stones; carrots need deeply tilled soil that they can push through.Have you ever seen a carrot that has grown “legs” or forked? Fresh manure, or even recently applied rotted manure, can cause carrots to fork and send out little side roots. Do not use it before you plant your seeds.Plant seeds 3-4 inches apart in rows. Rows should be at least a foot apart.CareGently mulch to retain moisture, speed germination and block the sun from the roots.Soil should be well drained and loose to prevent forking and stunting of the root growth.Once plants are an inch tall, thin so they stand 3 inches apart. Snip them with scissors instead of pulling them out to prevent damage to the roots of remaining plants.Water at least one inch per week.diligently.Fertilize 5-6 weeks after sowing.Carrots taste much better after a couple of frosts. Following the first hard frost in the fall, cover carrot rows with an 18-inch layer of shredded leaves to preserve them for harvesting later.HarvestCarrots are mature at around 2 ½ months and ½ inch in diameter. You may harvest whenever desired maturity is reached.You may leave mature carrots in the soil for storage if the ground will not freeze.To store freshly harvested carrots, twist off the tops, scrub off the dirt under cold running water, let dry and seal in airtight plastic bags, and refrigerate. If you simply put fresh carrots in the refrigerator, they will go limp in a few hours.Carrots can be stored in tubs of moist sand for winter use.Special NotesHere are the health benefits of carrots you need to know.Prevent Cancer - Many studies show that eating carrots can help lower the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer. More recently, researchers have isolated a compound called falcarinol in carrots that may be largely responsible for the anti-cancer benefits.Falcarinol is a natural pesticide found in carrots that protects the roots from fungal diseases. In the daily diet, carrots almost the only source of these compounds.Improve Eye Vision - Retina of the eye needs vitamin A to function, vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a substance that is converted into vitamin A in the liver. In the retina, vitamin A is transformed into rhodopsin, a purple pigment necessary for night vision.In addition, beta-carotene helps protect against macular degeneration and prevent cataracts. A study found that people who ate more of a beta-carotene had a 40 percent lower risk of macular degeneration than those who ate the least.Preventing Heart Disease - Studies show that a diet high in carotenoids are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Also, it is believed that regular consumption of carrots reduces cholesterol levels.Soluble fiber in carrots can help lower blood cholesterol levels by binding to and removing bile acids, cholesterol triggers will be pulled out of the bloodstream.Reduce the Risk of Stroke - According to research from Harvard University, people who ate more than six carrots a week are much less likely to suffer a stroke 

Cyperus papyrus (papyrus sedge, paper reed, Indian matting plant, Nile grass)is a species of aquatic flowering plant belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae.Cyperus papyrus is also known as water papyrus plant. Highly suitable to keep in pots.Cyperus papyrus is distributed in northern and central Africa and Sri Lanka. In India it is reported from Gujarat and Rajasthan.

10-20 seeds per pack. Gorgeous tropical tree producing long strands of yellow flowers. A very common garden tree throughout Hawaii and many tropical locations. Its flower is the official flower of Thailand and the tree has a number of important medicinal uses. Fairly fast growing to 25-60 ft. Hardy to 20-24F, suitable outdoors in both subtropical and tropical climates. This is a national flower of Thailand and one of the most impressive cassias. From early spring through summer, it displays beautiful cascades of golden flowers. Cassia is a large genus with some 500 species, among which are a number of highly attractive flowering trees. To many tropical gardeners, the most beautiful is Cassia fistula. This is a medium to large tree with ovate, pointed leaflets; when these drop, usually in the dry season, masses of bright gold flower clusters appear on almost every branch.    

Capsicums (aka peppers) and the closely related chillis are warm season crops and really need to be left to mid spring before planting in cooler climates. Although they are technically perennial plants (go dormant in winter and regrow the following season) they are generally less productive in successive years and are best replaced each season with fresh seedlings.Small bushy plant about 40cm high The seeds are reluctant to start germinating if temperatures drop at night. These are best sown in small trays in a warm, sheltered place: a small greenhouse if possible. Then plant out when about 10 -12cm (4-5in) tall.They are from the same family as chilli but are not hot and spicy. The seeds are bitter.Capsicums are frost tender and need warmth to ripen the fruit to the brilliant reds and yellows of commercial ones. They can be used green but are not as sweet.Capsicums vary in size and colour with taste varying in sweetness to a slight peppery taste.There are a number of colours available, chocolate, black, yellow, orange as well as red. They all start off green and change as they ripen.Growing InformationSoil:Capsicums and chilli peppers are hungry, gross feeders. They need a nutritious soil that has been well dug through with rich rotted compost. Soil should also drain freely and not hold onto surface moisture for more than about a day after hand watering or a dousing of rain.Time : October to JanuaryIn warmer areas sow indoors or under cover in August and plant out mid to late October as long as it is warm.In cooler spots sow indoors or under cover in August and September and plant out when all risk of frosts has passed.TempratureCapsicums and chilli peppers are intolerant of cold temperatures and cannot handle any frost at all so wait until all risk of frost in your area has passed – this normally means at least after Labour Day – before you plant your seedlings in the garden. In colder parts of the country you may find you have to wait until December or plant in a greenhouse.Sunlight:A site that gets plenty of sun and has shelter from strong winds (which can damage these slightly brittle plants) – perhaps a spot against a warm north-facing fence or wall that can reflect heat of the sun throughout the day. If you are planting in a container then this might give you the flexibility you need in choosing the best location. Plants grow to an average of about knee height.Special NotesCulinary usesPeppers a packed full of vitamins A, C and K which support the immune system and cells. They are full of antioxidants too.Chillies contain capsaicin which could reduce cholesterol and also help reduce the risk of stomach ulcers.Can be sliced and seeded and used raw in salads. Will freeze successfully without blanching if seeded and sliced.Or brush with olive oil, roast at a high temperature until the skin changes colour then put in a covered dish until cool and rub off the skin and remove seeds.

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea or variants) is a leafy green biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. Closely related to other cole crops, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts, it descends from B. oleracea var. oleracea, a wild field cabbage. Cabbage heads generally range from 1 to 8 pounds (0.5 to 4 kg), and can be green, purple and white. Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.This cool-season crop grows best when daytime temperatures are in the 60s F. Direct-seed or transplant spring crops for fresh use in summer. Plant fall crops for winter storage or sauerkraut.Lifecycle: annualEase-of-care: moderately difficult, Requires good soil, timely planting and protection from pests.Height: 1 to 2 feetSpread: 1.5 to 3 feetShape: cushion, mound or clumpGrowing InformationSunlight: full sun, Can tolerate light shade but will slow maturity. Light shade can be beneficial in warm weather.Soil conditions: requires well-drained soil, Prefers well-drained, fertile soil high in organic matter, pH 6.0 to 7.5. Can tolerate slightly alkaline soil. This heavy feeder also needs plentiful, consistent moisture. Germination temperature: 45 F to 85 F - Will germinate at soil temperatures as low as 40 F.Days to emergence: 4 to 7PlantingStart cabbage seeds indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last spring frost. See frost dates for your area here.Harden off plants over the course of a week. To prepare soil, till in aged manure or compost.Transplant outdoors 2 to 3 weeks before the last expected frost date. Choose a cloudy afternoon.Plant 12 to 24 inches apart in rows, depending on size of head desired. The closer you plant, the smaller the heads.Mulch thickly to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.Practice crop rotation with cabbage year to year to avoid a buildup of soil borne diseases.Although broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage are closely related, cabbage will not tolerate them. Also avoid proximity to strawberries and tomatoes.Cabbage can be grown near beans and cucumbers.Check out our chart of plant companions for an expanded list of friends and foes.CareWhen transplants reach 5 inches tall, thin to make sure they are still the desired length apart. (The plants you remove can be transplanted elsewhere in your garden.)Fertilize 3 weeks after transplanting.Keep soil moist with mulch and water 2 inches per week.HarvestHarvest when heads reach desired size and are firm. This will take around 70 days for most green cabbage varieties. Most early varieties will produce 1- to 3-pound heads.Cut each cabbage head at its base with a sharp knife. After harvesting, bring inside or put in shade immediately.To get two crops from early cabbage plants, cut the cabbage head out of the plant, leaving the outer leaves and root in the garden. The plant will send up new heads—pinch them off until only four or so smaller heads remain. When these grow to tennis-ball size, they will be perfect for salad.After harvesting, remove the entire stem and root system from the soil to prevent disease buildup. Only compost healthy plants; destroy those with maggot infestation.Cabbage can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than two weeks, wrapped lightly in plastic. Make sure it is dry before storing. In proper root cellar conditions, cabbage will keep for up to 3 months. See our article on root cellars.Special NotesCulinary useCabbage is prepared and consumed in many ways. The simplest options include eating the vegetable raw or steaming it, though many cuisines pickle, stew, sautée or braise cabbage.Pickling is one of the most popular ways of preserving cabbage, creating dishes such as sauerkraut and kimchee, although kimchee is more often made from Chinese cabbage .Savoy cabbages are usually used in salads, while smooth-leaf types are utilized for both market sales and processing.Bean curd and cabbage is a staple of Chinese cooking, while the British dish bubble and squeak is made primarily with salt and boiled cabbage.Nutrition and healthCabbage is a good source of beta-carotene, vitamin C and fiber. Studies suggest that it, as well as other cruciferous vegetables, may reduce the risk of some cancers, especially those in the colorectal group.Purple cabbage also contains anthocyanins, which in other vegetables have been shown to have anti-carcinogenic properties.Along with other cole crops, cabbage is a source of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical that boosts DNA repair in cells.The Ancient Greeks recommended consuming the vegetable as a laxative, and used cabbage juice as an antidote for mushroom poisoning, for eye salves, and they prepared liniments with the plant to help bruises healThe cooling properties of the leaves were used in Britain as a treatment for trench foot

This cool-season crop grows best when daytime temperatures are in the 60s F. Grow in both spring and fall, but avoid mid-summer crops as hot weather can cause premature bolting.Like spinach, can be grown in the spring or fall. In fact, you may be able to get a continual harvest throughout both seasons if you time planting correctly. A member of the cabbage family, broccoli is rich in vitamins.Lifecycle: annual, Biennial grown as an annual.Ease-of-care: moderately difficultRequires good soil, timely planting and protection from pests.Height: 2 to 3 feetSpread: 2 to 3 feetBloom time: early summer, mid-summer, late summer, early fall, mid-fallFlower color: yellowFoliage color: medium green, Some cultivars have a bluish cast.Foliage texture: mediumShape: uprightGrowing InformationBroccoli prefers full sun, but partial shade can prevent plants from bolting (going to seed) in areas with warm spells. Provide a rich, well-drained soil, with plenty of compost. Cool days and nights are essential once the flower heads start to form. Theres a wide range of days to maturity, so pick a cultivar that will mature before the weather in your area turns hot. Gardeners in most temperate areas can harvest both spring and fall crops. In areas without ground freezes, try growing a third crop by planting a slow-maturing variety such as Marathon in winter.Sunlight: full sun, Can tolerate light shade but will slow maturity.Soil conditions: requires well-drained soil, Prefers well-drained, fertile soil high in organic matter, pH 6.0 to 7.5. Can tolerate slightly alkaline soil. Needs plentiful, consistent moisture.PlantingBroccoli is hardy; it can germinate at temps as low as 40ºF.Broccoli requires full sun and moist, fertile soil thats slightly acidic.If you live in a warm climate, a fall planting is best, as broccoli thrives in cool weather. Plant seeds in mid- to late-summer in most places.For spring plantings, direct sow outdoors (or transplant seedlings) 2 to 3 weeks before last spring frost date.For fall plantings, direct sow seeds outdoors 85 to 100 days before your average first fall frost.If you transplant, assume 10 less days for growth or the "days to maturity" on the seed packet.Work in 2 to 4 inches of rich compost or a thin layer of manure before planting.Space plants 12 to 24 inches apart, depending on the side heads you want to harvest.Plant seeds 1 inch deep, 3 inches apart. You will need to thin seedlings.CareFertilize three weeks after transplanting.Provide consistent soil moisture with regular watering, especially in drought conditions. Some varieties of broccoli are heat tolerant, but all need moisture.Do not get developing heads wet when watering.Roots are very shallow, do not cultivate. Suffocate weeds with mulch.Mulch will also help to keep soil temperatures down.HarvestIn terms of timing: Harvest broccoli when the buds of the head are firm and tight before the heads flower. If you do see yellow petals, harvest immediately.For best taste, harvest in the morning before the soil heats up.Cut heads from the plant. taking at least 6 inches of stem.Cut the stalk of the main head at a slant, about 5 to 8 inches below the head.Most varieties have side-shoots that will continue to develop after the main head is harvested. You can harvest from one plant for many weeks, in some cases, from spring to fall, if you are summer is not too hot.Store broccoli in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. If you wash before storing, make sure to dry it thoroughly.Broccoli can be blanched and frozen for up to one year.Special NotesBroccoli is rich in vitamins, One ounce of broccoli has an equal amount of calcium as one ounce of milk.Health BenefitsCancer Prevention - Broccoli contains glucoraphanin, which the body processes into the anti-cancer compound sulforaphane. It also contains indole-3-carbinol, a powerful antioxidant compound and anti-carcinogen found to not only hinder the growth of breast, cervical and prostate cancer, but also boosts liver function.Broccoli shares these cancer fighting, immune boosting properties with other cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and cabbage.Cholesterol Reduction- Like many whole foods, broccoli is packed with soluble fiber that draws cholesterol out of your body.Reducing Allergy Reaction and Inflammation.Powerful Antioxidant - Of all the cruciferous vegetables, broccoli stands out as the most concentrated source of vitamin C, plus the flavonoids necessary for vitamin C to recycle effectively. Also concentrated in broccoli are the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene, other powerful antioxidants.Bone Health - Broccoli contains high levels of both calcium and vitamin K, both of which are important for bone health and prevention of osteoporosis.Heart Health - The anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane, one of the isothiocya

The brinjal (eggplant or baingan or aubergine) is called the King of Vegetables by some cultures. It is one of the most versatile vegetables around, loved by many people across the world.Different varieties are available everywhere and each variety is unique in its own way, with a distinctive flavor and many essential minerals.Eggplant or Brinjal, is a very low calorie vegetable and has healthy nutrition profile; good news for weight watchers! The veggie is popularly known as aubergine in the western world.Growing InformationSoil preparationBecause only a few plants are needed, it is better to prepare only the planting spot. Each spot should have a diameter of 30 to 40 cm. The planting spots should be about 75 cm apart. Turn the soil using a garden fork to ensure proper aeration of soil and to work in plant rests and weeds into the soil.Brinjals do extremely well in soil with a high humus content.Apply one big handful of 2:3:2 (22) per m2, and turn the top 20 cm of soil.The optimum pH (water) for brinjals is between 5,5 and 6,5.ReproductionBrinjals reproduce by seed.Seedlings should first be established in trays with 128 holes and then transplanted, or can be sown in small pots or in a tomato box filled with compost-rich soil or seedling mix.The seeds often contain many empty shells, which are darker in colour, and which should be separated before planting.Seed should be sown in 1 cm drills and covered with soil.Start making seedlings from August to September in the North West Province and Gauteng.Germination will take place after 10 to 14 days and the seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots 5 weeks later.Kepp seedlings moist but not wet. Use a watering can with fine spray.If seed were planted in a seedling tray, seedlings should be fertilised 10 days after germination, using a liquid fertiliser.Transplant into the garden when seedlings are 10 to 12 cm tall. Do not plant weak, damaged or long- stemmed seedlings. The soil should be very wet.CultivationKeep the planting spots clean by removing weeds.Irrigate early in the mornings (at least twice a week).Apply 20 to 30 g 2:3:2 fertiliser or liquid manure every month to each spot. Mulching will lower the soil temperature after planting. Apply every 7 to 8 weeks.Turn the soil lightly after fertiliser application and water thoroughly.HarvestingHarvest the fruit as soon as it reaches a diameter of 7 to 10 cm (about 3 months after transplanting).In the case of good irrigation and fertilisation practices, 10 to 12 of them can be harvested from each plant.Brinjal plants are delicate and care should be taken not to damage the plants during harvesting (the stems are quite brittle).Cut the fruit with pruning scissors. Handle with care to prevent bruising. Keep in mind that the shelf life of the fruit is not very long.   Special NotesBenefits of Brinjal (Eggplant)The brinjal or eggplant has a lot of vitamins and nutrients. It contains vitamins like B1 and B6. It also contains a good amount of potassium, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, niacin, and folic acid. This high nutritive value of the brinjal makes it one of the most important vegetables.1. Helps keeping diabetes in control: The eggplants are a very rich source of fibre and low soluble carbohydrates. Thus they are highly beneficial for regulation of blood sugar levels and also to control the absorption of glucose. This makes them the best option for people suffering from type 2 diabetes.2. Helpful to the heart: The cholesterol levels are brought down to a great extent by the eggplant. It also helps stabilize the level of blood pressure. All this in turn lowers the risk of heart diseases. The body is also kept well hydrated thanks to the potassium content present in this vegetable. This ensures that there is no retention of fluids which prevents coronary heart diseases.3. Helpful to the brain: Eggplant contains Phytonutrients which keep the cell membranes protected from any kind of damage and facilitates the message transfer from one part to another, thus preserving the memory function.4. Helps create iron in the human body: We all require iron for proper functioning in our day to day life. However, too much of iron in the body is not a good sign. The content of nasunin that is present in eggplant helps remove excess iron from the body. This brings down the risk of getting heart attacks as it damages the existence of the free radicals in ones system.5. Facilitates weight loss: Eggplant is considered to be high in water content yet low in calorie count. This feature makes it very ideal as a healthy diet for people who want to reduce weight. The spongy texture of the vegetable is what facilitates these characteristics, hence one must consume in its natural form as much as possible.

The bottlegourd belongs to the cucumber family and originated in Africa, and is now available in most parts of the world. Also known as calabash, cucuzza, sorakaya, lauki, doodhi, and ghiya in various languages, this vegetable comes in different shapes, the most common being the bottle-shaped (hence the name) and round. The sizes vary from six inches in length to more than six feet.Sun: Full Sun Spread: 12 feetHeight: 10-12 feetDays to Maturity: 110-130 daysSowing Method: Direct Sow The bottle gourd is a vigorous, annual, running or climbing vine with large leaves and a lush appearance. It grows fast and may begin to flower only 2 months after seeding. The vine is branched and climbs by means of tendrils along the stem. The foliage is covered with soft hairs and has a foul musky odor when crushed.The leaves of the bottle gourd are up to 15 inches wide, circular in overall shape, with smooth margins, a few broad lobes, or with undulate margins.Growing InformationThe bottle gourd is an annual plant that grows on vines. It has large leaves and it looks very lush as it grows. The plant grows quite quickly and may show flowers only two months after its planted. The vines will grow on trellis and the leaves c?n be up to 15 inches wide. PlantingChoose a location that is sunny and has good drainage. If you have a location that is suitable and near a fence, the vines will climb the fence and save you from installing a trellis. Plan planting for spring when all threat of frost is gone and the soil has warmed and dried out a bit.Remove all grass, weeds and stones from the garden bed. Place an inch of composted manure on top of the bed and work it into the soil. This can be done with a hoe or you may want to use a tiller.Plant seeds 2 feet apart from each other in rows 5 feet apart. If you are not next to a fence install a trellis or arbor immediately after planting, so you do not disturb growing roots. You may also allow the vines to run on the ground; however the gourds will have a flat, dark side where they lay on the ground.Water the soil completely immediately after planting. Keep the seeds moist for the first 2 weeks, then cut back watering to once a week if there is no rain. More water may be needed during very hot, dry or windy weather.Apply a side dressing of 3 lbs. of 10-10-10 fertilizer per 100 square feet of garden when the vines start to run. Water the fertilizer into the ground well.Mulch around the plants to conserve moisture and to keep weeds from growing. If you did not install a trellis or plant near a fence, keep the vines above the mulch so the gourds wont be sitting directly on the ground.HarvestWeeding can be done by hoeing as and when necessary. Fruit rot during rainy season can be checked by training the plants over the bamboo stick or dried branches.Special NotesCooking TipsSelect small, tender, and firm bottlegourds (light green and fresh-looking); prick the skin, and if its thin, its tender. You can use tender bottlegourds with the peel and tender seeds. To use mature bottlegourd, remove the peel and seeds.Taste the bottlegourds before cooking, as they can sometimes be bitter.Wrap in plastic and refrigerate to keep the bottlegourds fresh.Use them for curries, soups, salads, chutneys, jams or desserts. Their neutral taste lends itself to a variety of dishes, both savory and sweet.Health BenefitsIncluding bottle gourd in your regular diet reduces fatigue and maintains freshness especially in the summer.It is rich in, thiamin, vitamin C, zinc, iron and magnesium thus helping in improving overall health.Cooked bottle gourd is anti-bilious and it helps one relax after eating.Almost 96% of the bottle gourd is water which makes it very light and easy to digest. Bottle gourd is commonly used for treating indigestion, constipation, and diarrhea. Bottle gourd juice with a pinch of salt is also used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea.Very effective in the treatment of acidity and ulcers.The water content in bottle gourd along with the high fiber content helps with digestive disorders like constipation, flatulence and piles.Bottle gourd is also believed to help the liver function in a balanced fashion.The juice from bottle gourd leaves help cure jaundice.If consumed with lime juice, gourd juice will effectively treat burning sensations in the urinary passage. It serves as an alkaline mixture.The juice of bottle gourd is a valuable medicine for excessive thirst due to severe diarrhea, diabetes and excessive use of fatty or fried foods.The gourd fruit juice is used in the treatment of insanity, epilepsy and other nervous diseases.It has sodium of 1.8 mg per 100gm and 87mg of potassium making it a suitable vegetable for hypertensive patents.A mixture of bottle gourd juice and sesame oil acts as an effective medicine for insomnia, it should be massaged on the scalp every night.

A small tree or large shrub, 6-12 ft (2-4 m) tall and 6-9 ft (2-3 m) wide. Leaves narrow, lance shaped, leathery, distinctly citrus aroma. Fuzzy-looking flowers composed mostly of stamens. Bark moderately rough, light brown.Leaves year round, blossoms heavily in early spring with red flowers followed by some blossoms in summer.Scientific Name(s): Callistemon spp.Abundance: commonWhat: leaves, flowersHow: tea, seasoningWhere: dry sunny yards, landscapingWhen: all yearNutritional Value: flavanoidsPlanting & CareAs a frost tolerant and woody plant, bottlebrushes are attractive options for home gardeners. Since they also tolerate drought and damp conditions well, they are showcased throughout landscaped lawns and gardens all over the world. The flower spikes are colorful and full of texture, and the leaves of some bottlebrush varieties are ornamental as well. Since the average lifespan for bottlebrushes is twenty to forty years, they promise beauty and blooms for many years. Although the woody shrub is low maintenance, proper care can help to ensure it continues blooming to its fullest each year.PlantingArrange to plant a bottlebrush shrub in full sun to maximize the amount of blooms and growth of the plant. Find a spot that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight a day for best results.Choose a well-draining soil to plant the bottlebrush. Although bottlebrushes do well in a variety of soil types, they do not take kindly to alkaline type environments. Plant the seeds during spring or summer. Cuttings from mature bottlebrushes may also be used. Do not plant other flowers or plants within five feet of sowing the seed into the soil. Since bottlebrushes tend to expand and grow quite easily, give them room and resist planting other varieties of flowers too close.FertilizerApply any organic fertilizer, its a very low mantainence and hard to kill plant.WaterIn extreme heat and dry conditions, give the bottlebrush a deep watering to ensure it prospers. Mulching can help keep out the intense heat in some regions as well. Otherwise, the bottlebrush does not require regular watering other than natural rainfall.PruningWhen the plant has produced flowers and is thriving, prune the bottlebrush back to desired size and shape. This must be done either early in the season before the flowers have bloomed or after the flowers are finishing. Cut the tips of the branches for early season pruning. Or you may choose to cut behind the finished flowers. Some flowers may have to be sacrificed in order to achieve a desired shape. UseIts a very hardy plant, used for ornamental purpose.

Iris ( Blue flag ) This well-known plant is from 2 to 3 feet hl height With an erect stem, sometimes branched near the top, and sword-shaped leaves, shorter than the stem, from one-half to 1 inch in width and showing a slight grayish bloom. The flowers, which appear from May to July, are large and handsome, each stem bearing from two to six or more. They have a peculiar form, consisting of six segments, the three outer ones turned back and the three inner ones erect and much smaller. They are purplish blue, the narrow base of the segments variegated with yellow, green, or white and marked with purple veins. Blueflag has a thick, fleshy, horizontal, branched rootstock producing many long, fibrous roots. It is poisonous and has caused poisonous effects in persons who mistook the plant for sweetflag which it resembles greatly when not in flower.

Bitter gourd plant is a fast growing creeper and is from the family of vines. It is also known as nutritious gourd and bitter melon. Bitter gourd plants vary shape, size and colour but the medicinal uses make bitter melon more important and distinct than other medicinal plants.The most important use of bitter gourd is, it reduces the blood sugar level and is very good for diabetic patients. Bitter gourd has lots of medicinal uses so you can plant them easily in your garden.Scientific Name : Momordica Charantia L.Family : CucurbitaceaCommon names : Bitter gourd, Bitter melon, Bitter cucumber, Karela (Hindi), Balsam pear, Balsam appleBest Season : Throughout the yearNutritional Value : 44 kcal, 5.6 g protein, 290 mg calcium, 5 mg iron, 5.1 mg vitamin A, 170 mg vitamin C per 100 g serving.Growing InformationBitter gourd is a fast growing warm seasonal climbing annual, native to South Asia. Considered one of the most nutritious gourds, the plant has medicinal properties.PlantationTime Bitter gourd plant is a seasonal vine that flourish in warm, humid and hot climate with proper availability of sunlight. It grows and turns out well if planted in mid and late spring (during the month of April and May). Preparation of SoilBitter melon can either be planted with the seeds or by transplantation. Firstly, dig a ½ inch deep pit and spread two to three seeds inside. For better results before sowing, soak the seeds one day in advance. After sowing the seeds, water lightly. In a two or three days time the seeds will germinate and these germinated seeds can be replanted.For better re-plantation a raised bed of 18-20 inches apart have to be created. At the time of transplantation you need to be very careful so that you do not disturb the roots of the plant.. As bitter gourd is a creeper plant, it needs support to grow. Use a wire or a string to set the plant. Nurturing Bitter gourd plants do not require much care and nurturing. Regular watering is essential as the bitter melon plant requires a lot of water for its growth and survival. In a months time the flowers will appear and fruition occurs in the mid of two to four months.Use urea based fertiliser to the soil once fruits begin to develop. The process continues every two weeks and pour water is essential after adding fertilisers. The plant is also prone to many diseases and insect pests so has to be checked from time to time. For avoiding pests on fruits, wrap it with newspapers when they are grown about an inch. HarvestingWhen the fruit turns light green in colour and the inside is white, bitter and juicy, you can pluck out the bitter gourd (basically it takes 3-4 months of plantation). Re-planting bitter gourdIf you wish to re-plant bitter gourd the next season, leave some fruits so that they get completely dried. Once fully dried , the fruit will open and you can collect the white or brown colour seeds for further sowing.Special NotesUsesTo prepare bitter melon, slice the fruit open and remove seeds and pith. Do not peel. Beginners to bitter melon may parboil the fruit to lessen bitterness, although aficionados say this changes the texture too much.Typically bitter melon is stuffed, pickled, or curried and served with meat or in soup. The fruit pairs well with other strong flavors, like garlic, Chinese black beans, chili peppers, or coconut milk. Frequently, bitter melon is stuffed with pork or shrimp and steamed.Bitter melon enables glucose uptake and is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat Type 2 diabetes. If you suffer from hypoglycemia, use caution consuming bitter melon. The combination of the melon plus the drugs typically used to treat hypoglycemia can decrease blood sugar levels to dangerously low levels.Health BenefitsBitter gourd lowers blood glucose levels: Bitter gourd treatments of cell cultures or feeding trials with laboratory animals such as mice or rats show bitter gourd does have blood glucose lowering properties. Bitter gourd is not like most medicinal drugs, which are effective only in one target organ or tissue; rather, it influences glucose metabolism all over the body. Bitter gourd lowers dietary carbohydrate digestion: The glucose metabolism starts in the gut. Carbohydrates and sugars are metabolized to glucose (one type of sugar) before glucose is transported from the gut to the blood. Bitter gourd reduces the amount of glucose that is released into the blood by inhibiting the enzymes that break down disaccharides to two monosaccharides. This effect is important for the treatment of both Type I and Type II diabetic patients and helps to prevent high blood sugar levels after meals. Bitter gourd plant insulin discovered: The pancreas reacts to increasing blood sugar levels by secreting insulin into the blood. Insulin helps to transport the sugar from the blood to the skeletal muscle and the fat tissue where it is used to produ