Ultra Filtration Plants
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HATCO offer wide range of UF systems as per customer requirement , we design Ultrafiltration plants for various applications like RO pre treatment, drinking water, ETP, STP and customised requirement. Ultrafiltration is a separation process using membranes with pore sizes in the range of 0.1 to 0.001 micron. Typically, ultrafiltration will remove high molecular-weight substances, colloidal materials, and organic and inorganic polymeric molecules. Low molecular-weight organics and ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium chloride, and sulfate are not removed. Because only high-molecular weight species are removed, the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane surface is negligible. Low applied pressures are therefore sufficient to achieve high flux rates from an ultrafiltration membrane. Flux of a membrane is defined as the amount of permeate produced per unit area of membrane surface per unit time. Generally flux is expressed as gallons per square foot per day (GFD) or as cubic meters per square meters per day. Ultrafiltration membranes can have extremely high fluxes but in most practical applications the flux varies between 50 and 200 GFD at an operating pressure of about 50 psig in contrast, reverse osmosis membranes only produce between 10 to 30 GFD at 200 to 400 psig. Ultrafiltration, like reverse osmosis, is a cross-flow separation process. Here liquid stream to be treated (feed) flows tangentially along the membrane surface, thereby producing two streams. The stream of liquid that comes through the membrane is called permeate. The type and amount of species left in the permeate will depend on the characteristics of the membrane, the operating conditions, and the quality of feed. The other liquid stream is called concentrate and gets progressively concentrated in those species removed by the membrane. In cross-flow separation, therefore, the membrane itself does not act as a collector of ions, molecules, or colloids but merely as a barrier to these species. Conventional filters such as media filters or cartridge filters, on the other hand, only remove suspended solids by trapping these in the pores of the filter-media. These filters therefore act as depositories of suspended solids and have to be cleaned or replaced frequently. Conventional filters are used upstream from the membrane system to remove relatively large suspended solids and to let the membrane do the job of removing fine particles and dissolved solids. In ultrafiltration, for many applications, no prefilters are used and ultrafiltration modules concentrate all of the suspended and emulsified materials. There are several factors that can affect the performance of an ultrafiltration system. A brief discussion of these is given here. Flow Across the Membrane Surface: The permeate rate increases with the flow velocity of the liquid across the membrane surface. Flow velocity if especially critical for liquids containing emulsions or suspensions. Higher flow also means higher energy consumption and larger pumps. Increasing the flow velocity also reduces the fouling of the membrane surface. Generally, an optimum flow velocity is arrived at by a compromise between the pump horsepower and increase in permeate rate. Operating Pressure: Permeate rate is directly proportional to the applied pressure across the membrane surface. However, due to increased fouling and compaction, the operating pressures rarely exceed 100 psig and are generally around 50 psig. In some of the capillary-type ultrafiltration membrane modules the operating pressures are even lower due to the physical strength limitation imposed by the membrane module. Operating Temperature: Permeate rates increase with increasing temperature. However, temperature generally is not a controlled variable. It is important to know the effect of temperature on membrane flux in order to distinguish between a drop in permeate due to a drop in temperature and the effect of other parameters.
Demineralisation Plant
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The clients in India as well as abroad can avail hi-tech Demineralisation Plant from us. The Demineralisation Plant, we manufacture is a Two-bed water de-ioniser and is made as per the set standards of the industry. The clients can avail the Demineralisation Plant from us in varied specifications as per the requirement. The running costs of the Demineralisation Plant come out to be very low and it is designed for consistent qualitative performance. Details Consists of two FRP/MS rubber lined pressure vessels that are connected in series along with its internal fittings1st vessel consists of strongly acidic cation exchange resin that converts the positive ions of salt and replaces them with hydrogen the ions to form respective acidsThe formed acids are absorbed in the next vessel by strongly basic anion exchanges resin
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Demineralized Water System
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A Demineralisation Plant consists of two pressure vessels containing cation and anion exchange resins. Various types of ion exchange resins can be used for both the cation and the anion process, depending on the type of impurities in the water and what the final water is used for.Typically, the cation resin operates in the hydrogen cycle. The cations in the water (i.e. calcium, magnesium and sodium) pass through the cation exchange resin where they are chemically exchanged for hydrogen ions.The water then passes through the anion exchange resin where the anions (i.e. chloride, sulphate, nitrate and bicarbonate) are chemically exchanged for hydroxide ions.The final water from this process consists essentially of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which is the chemical composition of pure water. The simplified demineralisation plant consists of:Composite resin vessels with charge of strong cation and anion resin; control-panel encompassing a conductivity measurement and alarms, etc; acid and caustic injection facility from bulk, semi-bulk or carboy containers.
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Capacitive Deionization Water treatment systems
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Filtration Plant
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