Anemia Treatment Service

Sickle cell anemia is a sickle cell disease. This is an inherited red blood cell disorder where the red blood cells in the body are not healthy enough to carry oxygen throughout the body. The normal red blood cells are round in shape and hence can easily move through the blood vessels. The abnormal once are sickle-shaped or of the shape of a crescent moon; hence the name of the disease. This particular shape makes the locomotion of the blood cells difficult within the rounded blood vessels. Hence the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood drastically reduces. This disease is an inherited one—the parents of the patient having the disease pass on the mutated gene to the cells. But the parents need not necessarily show any signs or symptoms of the disease as it is recessive in their bodies but is active in the body of their ward. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? The sickle cell anemia patient has an abnormality in the protein, hemoglobin, in the red blood cell, which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. The people who have this disease inherit two abnormal hemoglobin genes from each of their parents. This hemoglobin is called S or sickle hemoglobin. Depending upon this, the sickle cell disease can be classified into the following types: Haemoglobin SB0 thalassemia. Haemoglobin SB+ thalassemia. Haemoglobin SC Haemoglobin SD Haemoglobin SE Haemoglobin SS In all the above types of sickle cell diseases at least one of the two abnormal cells causes the body to make the hemoglobin S. But when both the inherited genes are mutated the cell has hemoglobin SS, this disease is called sickle cell anemia. It is one of the most common sickle cell diseases. Other common diseases are Haemoglobin SC and Haemoglobin SB. The diseases Haemoglobin SD and Haemoglobin SE are rare and not very common.

Sickle Cell Anaemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is a serious disorder in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. “Sickle-shaped” means that the red blood cells are shaped like a crescent. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and look like doughnuts without holes in the centre. They move easily through the blood vessels. Red blood cells contain an iron-rich protein called haemoglobin. This protein carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Sickle cells contain abnormal haemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin or hemoglobin S. Sickle hemoglobin causes the cells to develop a sickle, or crescent shape.

Anemia is a condition that develops when the blood in the body lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin (part of red blood cells that binds oxygen). Anemia can happen if: 1) Body doesn't make enough red blood cells 2) Bleeding causes to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced 3) Body destroys red blood cells Investigations like the red blood cell count, the hematocrit, and the hemoglobin are relevant to an anemia diagnosis.

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Vitamin deficiency anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells caused by lower than normal amounts of certain vitamins. Vitamins linked to vitamin deficiency anemia include folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C.

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