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Electricity generated through coal plants is becoming expensive by every passing day. Power cuts and increasing dependence on DG sets are causing a lot of damage to the environment. The demand supply gap for electricity is increasing in the country which makes it very important for people to start thinking of other ways of realizing their energy needs. Keeping this in mind Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is promoting off-grid solar PV systems under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission in the country. Many people in the country have started feeling the need of installing solar PV system for their home, apartment complex or small office use, and with this article we would try to provide some information which can be a good starting point for a roof-top Solar PV system project. What is a Solar PV cell and module? Solar PV cell is the basic building block of a PV system. It consists of semiconductor material that absorbs sunlight to generate electricity through a phenomenon called “photoelectric effect”. Only sunlight of a certain wavelength can effectively generate electricity. Although a solar PV can generate electricity on a cloudy day, but it is not as effective as it is on a sunny day. A basic PV cell produces a very small amount of electricity and multiple of them are connected together to form a Solar PV module that can generate 10W to 300W output. If more electricity is required, them multiple such PV modules have to be installed in an array. Multiple kinds of materials are used to create a solar cell and the efficiency of solar cell depends on the same. The efficiency of a solar cell is defined as its capability to convert a certain amount of sunlight into electricity. Solar cells available in the market are of various efficiencies: 4%, 8%, 12%, 14% and 16%. The size of a Solar PV module required will depend on output and efficiencies:
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