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Vessel Sealing System
Lateral thermal spread of energy results in damage to tissues near the target site. Currently, thunderbeat has super- seded the two most used energy sources viz LigaSure vessel sealing system (LVSS)
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Ureteral Stent
The dimensions shape, and material from the ureteral stent for use depends upon the patient's anatomy and also the reason that stent is needed. Most stents are 5-12 inches (12-30 cm) long, and also have a diameter of 0.06-0.2 inches 1.5-6 mm. Either ends from the stent might be coiled (known as a pigtail stent) to avoid it motionless unnatural; an open-ended stent is much better suited to patients who need short-lived drainage. Sometimes, one end from the stent includes a thread mounted on it that extends with the bladder and urethra towards the outside the body; this helps with stent elimination. The stent material should be bendable, durable, non-reactive, and radiopaque visible with an x-ray.
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Port Closure
Incisional hernia can occur after any abdominal surgery and laparoscopic surgery is not immune to this complication. The hernia that follow laparoscopy usually occur through the larger ports (size greater than 10 mm), especially the umbilicus.
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Laparoscopy Equipment
The Electronic CO2 Laproflattor is a general purpose insufflation unit for use in laparoscopic examinations and operations. Controlled pressure insufflation of the peritoneal cavity is used to achieve the necessary work space for laparoscopic surgery by distending the antero-lateral abdominal wall and depressing the hollow organs and soft tissues. Carbon dioxide is the preferred gas because it does not support combustion, it is very soluble which reduces the risk of gas embolism, and is cheap. Automatic insufflators allow the surgeon to preset the insufflating pressure, and the device supplies gas until the required intra-abdominal pressure is reached. The insufflator activates and delivers gas automatically when the intra-abdominal pressure falls because of gas escape or leakage from the ports. The required values for pressure and flow can be set exactly using jog keys and digital displays. Insufflation pressure can be continuously varied from 0 to 30 mm Hg; total gas flow volumes can be set to any value in the range 0-9.9 litersmm.
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Laparoscopic Trolley
A laparoscopic surgeon should be technically well acknowledged of the principle of the instrument they are using, and should not always depend upon their technical team should an emergency arrive. The purchase of a costly instrument is not only answer for achieving a good task, perceptive to handle them is equally important.
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Laparoscopic Scissor
Scissors works on the principle of class 1 lever (two class 1 levers). In class 1 Lever, the pivot (fulcrum) is between the effort and the load. The more the length of the handle or the fulcrum of the scissors, the less force of cutting will be required. The laparoscopic scissors do not apply the exact law of lever because of the cylinder action of the long shaft, but the design of handle helps in the amplification of force by lever action.
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Laparoscopic LED Light Source
Light is essential for performing most of the modus operandi of life. Thanks to Edison who discovered electric bulb. The Minimal access surgery depends on the artificial light available in closed body cavity, and before the discovery of light source and light cable; mirrors were used to reflect the light onto the subject where the direct light access was not possible. In 1867 Bruck, a Dentist from Breslau, made a platinum wire loop which he heated with electric current, and used that as a light source for purpose of surgery. Endoscopy was performed, by using tungsten light bulbs inside the body cavity before 1954. These bulbs were emitting low frequency red color of light. The bulb was so hot that there was always a risk of injury to bowel.
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Laparoscopic Instruments
Laparoscopic surgery requires sophisticated and precisely calibrated instruments. The essential difference between instruments used in open surgery and people utilized for laparoscopic surgery would be that the latter are more complex in design and yet delicate in construction. Thus the laparoscopic instruments are more vulnerable to lodging of bioburden (micro-organisms and debris) within their crevices. Thus, the LI are difficult to clean, sterilize adequately and maintain as compared to their counterparts used in open surgery. Moreover, owing to their delicate design, gentlest methods have to be used for cleaning in addition to sterilization. Also, meticulous cleaning, maintenance in addition to sterilization are necessary so that not to compromise the safety from the patient, the surgeon or other operating room personnel. The rise in complexity of the laparoscopic procedures as also the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi and viruses makes it imperative to effectively clean and disinfect instruments. Sterilization is the absolute elimination or destruction of forms of microbial life. It may be achieved with steam, gas or chemicals. However, disinfection is the relative removal of pathogenic organisms except spores.
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Laparoscopic Hand Instruments
Because of the complex modern technology, any things can go wrong. Equipment and instrumentation possess a much greater impact and importance in laparoscopic surgery. This is a proven fact that visualization and tactile exploration of the operative field is definitely only indirectly achieved through optical systems and instruments. The surgeon must be sufficiently acquainted with the equipment to make use of it, troubleshoot and solve the inherent problems.
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laparoscopic equipment
Many senior surgeon started saying "Laparoscopy is conspiracy against common man". Minimal access surgery has developed rapidly only after grand success of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recently computerized designing of laparoscopic instrument is introduced and microprocessor controlled safety features are added. Now it is impossible to stop the speed of growth of minimal access surgery and every day new procedures are added on its list. Laparoscopy is a technologically dependent surgery and before starting surgery every surgeon should have reasonably good knowledge of these instruments.
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laparoscopic camera
In laparoscopic camera as with standard definition endoscopy systems, most HD Camera Heads acquire image data from the telescope. Image quality, however, will depend on the camera acquisition standard that's been put on a given HD system. The main difference between SD and HD video formats is better visualized by comparing the vertical and horizontal resolution. Typical SD formats offer a 4:3 aspect ratio, 640 by 480 horizontal and vertical lines. The HD format provides a 16:9 aspect ratio, 1280 by 720 horizontal and vertical lines. Th
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Hook Scissor
Jean-Claude Margueron of Emar in Fourteenth Century BC invented Scissors [1]. Scissors are one of the oldest surgical instruments used by surgeons. Scissors are used to perform many tasks in open surgical procedure but its use in minimal access surgery is restricted. In minimal access surgery scissors require greater skill because in inexperienced hand it may cause unnecessary bleeding and damage to important structures.
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Double J Stent
A ureter can become blocked due to numerous problems including kidney stones, tumors, thrombus, postsurgical swelling, or disease. A ureteral stent is positioned within the ureter to revive the movement of urine towards the bladder.
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Medical Test and Surgery
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