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Burning zone and transition zone are the most critical zones of the cement rotary kiln where actual firing of the charge and clinker formation takes place. Consequently, both chemical and thermo-mechanical conditions are very severe here. The primary criteria for Refractories to be used in these zones are that they should have higher tendency to form a stable coating of clinker which enhance the life of the refractory by protecting it against the mechanical abrasion and chemical action of the clinker. The usage of high alumina Refractories in this zone is diminishing with the advent of large diameter rotary kilns with pre-heaters and pre-calcinators due to increased thermal as well as mechanical load. This eventually calls for the thermally efficient refractory lining in the rotary kiln. Keeping pace with the improved cement manufacturing technology has been increasingly specialized to offer the opimum possible solution to the cement manufacturers for increasing the life of Refractories lining. Further environmental considerations and disposal regulations in many countries have made the limitation in selection of Refractories for lining the rotary kilns. Super duty basic bricks of direct bonded mag-chrome and mag alumina quality are gradually substituting the presently used high alumina bricks. Magnesia Spinal Brick Magnesia Spinal bricks are found to the superior to mag-chrome bricks with regard to flexibility under pressure, resistance to thermal shocks, alkali and Redox stressing, they are used in marginal areas of sintering zone and transition zone with increased lifetime of about 20%. In the outlet side, the durability is improved by up to 40% in the marginal area. Due to absence of any iron oxide/chromium oxide, Redox problems are not experienced. Further there is a decrease in the influence of silicate infiltration and slag attack. Premature wear is caused by alkali salts and thermal overloading. Hence, need is felt to develop improved quality magnesia spinel bricks to achieve greater resistance to salt attack and higher thermal rating.
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