Refractory Lining
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The purpose of the refractory lining is to insulate the steel shell from the high temperatures inside the kiln and to protect it from the corrosive properties of the process material. It may consist of refractory bricks or cast refractory concrete. The refractory selected depends upon the temperature inside the kiln and the chemical nature of the material being processed. Mostly refractory is installed as solid block to fit in to different areas tightly in round formation from sliding or falling out. There are many types of bricks in different composition and have different properties such as insulation value, maximum temperature and resistance to wear. Areas where brick cannot be used liquid refractor called castables are used with anchor support. Also provided insulation material under the brick and this extra layer helps to reduce the heat transfer to the shell. A typical refractory will be capable of maintaining a temperature drop of 1000°C or more between its hot and cold faces. The shell temperature needs to be maintained below around 350°C in order to protect the steel from damage and continuous infrared scanners are used to give early warning of "hot-spots" indicative of refractory failure.